Prediction of Canola Residue Characteristics Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Table 2
Reference measurements and validation results for the prediction of 2011 and 2012 winter and spring canola residue NDF, ADF, ADL, N, C, and C/N using NIRS.
(a) 2011 winter and spring canola residue
Reference measurements
Validation results
Component
Range
Measured
Measured SD
NIRS predicted mean
Bias
SEP
Slope
RPD
NDF
308
38.10–87.91
69.6
11.56
69.86
−0.262
0.95
2.67
0.99
4.33
ADF
308
29.43–68.59
54.66
9.61
54.79
−0.131
0.96
1.85
1.00
5.19
ADL
308
6.86–18.45
12.89
2.46
12.74
0.148
0.89
0.87
0.92
2.83
N
308
0.247–3.062
0.828
0.53
0.836
−0.008
0.89
0.18
0.97
2.94
C
308
30.85–49.80
43.68
3.22
43.64
0.038
0.83
1.34
0.97
2.40
C/N
308
11.95–193.94
73.56
38.12
72.60
0.958
0.87
14.08
0.94
2.71
(b) 2012 winter and spring canola residue
Reference measurements
Validation results
Component
Range
Measured
Measured SD
NIRS predicted mean
Bias
SEP
Slope
RPD
NDF
214
48.69–84.36
72.31
7.68
72.24
0.07
0.91
2.38
1.05
3.23
ADF
214
39.89–69.25
58.31
6.30
58.16
0.149
0.91
1.91
1.05
3.30
ADL
214
7.59–44.43
13.15
1.93
13.08
0.067
0.75
0.99
0.87
1.95
N
214
0.181–3.446
0.877
0.55
0.864
0.013
0.92
0.158
1.05
3.48
C
214
33.41–46.01
42.04
2.38
42.14
−0.095
0.83
0.99
1.08
2.40
C/N
214
9.69–245.68
72.71
48.26
71.28
1.438
0.89
16.5
1.07
2.92
NDF: neutral detergent fiber; ADF: acid detergent fiber; ADL: acid detergent lignin; N: nitrogen; C: carbon; C/N: carbon to nitrogen ratio; NIRS: near-infrared spectroscopy; SD: standard deviation; : coefficient of determination; SEP: standard error of prediction; RPD: ratio of prediction to deviation (SD/SEP). percent NDF, ADF, ADL, C, and N.
