Review Article
Genome Editing in Plants: An Overview of Tools and Applications
Table 1
Comparison of plant genome editing techniques.
| | ZFNs | TALENs | ODM | CRISPR/Cas9 | Reference | Year |
| Components | Zn finger domains Nonspecific FokI nuclease domain | TALE DNA-binding domains Nonspecific FokI nuclease domain | Exogenous polynucleotide (chimeraplast) | crRNA, Cas9 proteins | Kumar and Jain [6] Sauer et al. [7] | 2015 | 2016 |
| Structural proteins | Dimeric protein | Dimeric protein | Nonprotein nature | Monomeric protein | Li et al. [8] | 2013 | Gaj et al. [4] | 2013 | Sauer et al. [7] | 2016 |
| Catalytic domain | Restriction endonuclease FokI | Restriction endonuclease FokI | There is no catalytic domain | RUVC and HNH | Jinek et al. [9] | 2012 | Sauer et al. [7] | 2016 |
| Length of target sequence (bp) | 24–36 | 24–59 | 68–88 | 20–22 | Gaj et al. [4] | 2013 | Chen et al. [10] | 2016 | Sauer et al. [7] | 2016 |
| Protein engineering steps | Required | Required | Not required | Should not be complex to test gRNA | Cho et al. [11] | 2013 | Weeks et al. [5] | 2016 | Sauer et al. [7] | 2016 |
| Cloning | Necessary | Necessary | Not necessary | Not necessary | Cho et al. [11] | 2013 | Weeks et al. [5] | 2016 | Sauer et al. [7] | 2016 |
| gRNA production | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not required | Easy to produce | Cho et al. [11] | 2013 | Noman et al. [12] | 2016 | Sauer et al. [7] | 2016 |
| Mode of action | Double-strand breaks in target DNA | Double-strand breaks in target DNA | Information strand directs conversion(s) within target region | Double-strand breaks or single-strand nicks in target DNA | Li et al. [8] | 2013 | Mao et al. [13] | 2013 | Noman et al. [12] | 2016 | Sauer et al. [7] | 2016 |
| Target recognition efficiency | High | High | High | High | Gaj et al. [4] | 2013 | Kumar and Jain [6] | 2015 | Sauer et al. [7] | 2016 |
| Mutation rate | High | Middle | Middle | Low | Li et al. [8] | 2013 | Gaj et al. [4] | 2013 | Sauer et al. [7] | 2016 |
| Creation of large scale libraries | Impossible | Technically difficult | Technically difficult | Possible | Hsu [14] | 2013 | Cho et al. [11] | 2013 | Sauer et al. [7] | 2016 |
| Multiplexing | Difficult | Difficult | Technically difficult | Possible | Li et al. [8] | 2013 | Mao et al. [13] | 2013 | Noman et al. [12] | 2016 | Sauer et al. [7] | 2016 |
|
|