Aerial Nitrogen Fluxes and Soil Nitrate in response to Fall-Applied Manure and Fertilizer Applications in Eastern South Dakota
Table 4
Average supporting surface soil (top 0–0.15 m) test data (± standard error)z for the four treatments in Year 1 (Y1) and Year 2 (Y2).
Parameter
Treatment
Mean
Year
Growth stage
Manure with bedding
Manure only
Urea
No fertilizer
Soil Olsen test phosphorus (ppm)
Y1
Preplant
15.3 ± 3.1
20.0 ± 4.0
11.5 ± 2.3
10.7 ± 2.1
13.8 ± 1.6
ab
V6
18.1 ± 3.6
15.9 ± 3.2
7.8 ± 1.6
7.4 ± 1.5
11.2 ± 1.3
ab
Postharvest
17.1 ± 3.4
15.1 ± 3
7.2 ± 1.4
7.5 ± 1.5
10.7 ± 1.3
ab
Mean
16.7 ± 2.7
16.8 ± 2.7
8.6 ± 1.4
8.3 ± 1.3
11.8 ± 1.0
b
Y2
Preplant
38.6 ± 7.7
36.4 ± 7.3
8.9 ± 1.8
11.3 ± 2.3
19.2 ± 2.3
a
V6
14.5 ± 2.9
10 ± 2
8.8 ± 18
10.1 ± 2
10.5 ± 1.3
b
Postharvest
18.3 ± 3.7
16.7 ± 3.3
10.4 ± 2.1
13.3 ± 2.7
14.1 ± 1.7
ab
Mean
21.6 ± 3.5
18.1 ± 2.9
9.3 ± 1.5
11.4 ± 1.8
14.1 ± 1.3
a
Y1Y2
Mean
18.9 ± 2.3 a
17.3 ± 2.1 a
8.9 ± 1.1 b
9.7 ± 1.2 b
Soil pH
Y1
Preplant
7.7 ± 0.2
7.7 ± 0.2
7.4 ± 0.2
7.7 ± 0.2
7.6 ± 0.1
b
V6
7.9 ± 0.2
8 ± 0.2
7.8 ± 0.2
7.9 ± 0.2
7.9 ± 0.1
a
Postharvest
7.8 ± 0.2
7.8 ± 0.2
7.7 ± 0.2
7.8 ± 0.2
7.8 ± 0.1
ab
Mean
7.8 ± 0.2
7.8 ± 0.2
7.6 ± 0.2
7.8 ± 0.2
7.8 ± 0.1
a
Y2
Preplant
7.8 ± 0.2
7.8 ± 0.2
7.4 ± 0.2
7.8 ± 0.2
7.7 ± 0.1
ab
V6
7.7 ± 0.2
7.9 ± 0.2
7.7 ± 0.2
7.8 ± 0.2
7.8 ± 0.1
ab
Postharvest
7.8 ± 0.2
7.9 ± 0.2
7.9 ± 0.2
7.9 ± 0.2
7.9 ± 0.1
ab
Mean
7.8 ± 0.2
7.9 ± 0.2
7.7 ± 0.2
7.8 ± 0.2
7.8 ± 0.1
a
Y1Y2
Mean
7.8 ± 0.1
7.9 ± 0.1
7.7 ± 0.1
7.8 ± 0.1
Total N (g·kg−1)
Y2
Preplant
2.5 ± 0.17
2.42 ± 0.17
2.3 ± 0.16
2.19 ± 0.15
2.3 ± 0.1
a
V6
2.11 ± 0.15
1.66 ± 0.12
1.93 ± 0.13
2.40 ± 0.17
2.0 ± 0.1
b
Postharvest
2.14 ± 0.17
2.34 ± 0.16
2.35 ± 0.16
2.30 ± 0.16
2.3 ± 0.1
a
Mean
2.3 ± 0.1
2.1 ± 0.1
2.2 ± 0.1
2.3 ± 0.1
Ammonium (kg·ha−1)
Y2
Preplant
20.7 ± 4.11
18.06 ± 3.58
18.91 ± 3.75
17.65 ± 3.5
18.57 ± 2.25
a
V6
20.44 ± 4.09
17.49 ± 3.5
28.06 ± 5.62
40.69 ± 8.15
24.98 ± 3.13
a
Postharvest
21.59 ± 4.27
25.67 ± 5.18
26.87 ± 5.42
26.49 ± 5.35
24.76 ± 3.11
a
Mean
20.63 ± 2.26
19.83 ± 2.22
23.93 ± 2.68
26.34 ± 2.96
Soil carbon (g·kg−1)
Y2
Preplant
23.4 ± 11.7
22.9 ± 11.4
22.5 ± 11.2
21.8 ± 10.9
22.6 ± 5.7
a
V6
21.2 ± 10.6
19.7 ± 9.9
20.8 ± 10.4
21.3 ± 10.7
20.7 ± 5.2
a
Postharvest
22.6 ± 11.3
22.2 ± 11.1
21.8 ± 10.9
21.5 ± 10.8
22.0 ± 5.5
a
Mean
22.4 ± 6.5
21.5 ± 6.2
21.7 ± 6.3
21.5 ± 6.2
zMean ± SE = estimated mean ± standard error obtained from least-squared means table; different letters in the overall mean among the treatments indicate the vales are significantly different at P < 0.05 within a variable type. The absence of letters indicates P > 0.05 between means.
