Field Efficacy of Nicotiana tabacum L. var Virginia Extract against Coffee Borer Beetle (Hypothenemus hampei) Attacking Coffee Berries in Plantation Area

Table 5

Comparison of N. tabacum as a bioinsecticide against CBB^† attacks on coffee plants.

Bioinsecticide	Concentration^‡ (ml/l water)	The intensity of the CBB^† attacks (%)	Reference
Volatile compounds of Nicotiana tabacum (companion plant)	In the form of gas	10.6 ± 1.8	Castro et al. [41]
Cassia spectabilis and Nicotiana tabacum (1 : 1)	15.0	4.4 ± 0.2	Wiryadiputra, [42]
Nicotiana tabacum (EHRE-Nt^§)	4.5	1.5 ± 0.1	This study

^†The coffee borer beetle, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari). ^‡The concentration of each formulation was obtained based on the volume of the concentrated extract that diluted in water, except in Castro et al., [42], due to the form of gas. There is no concentration data from this reference. ^§The ethanolic heat reflux extract of N. tabacum L. var Virginia origin of Ponorogo.