A Review of Chamber and Micrometeorological Methods to Quantify NH₃ Emissions from Fertilisers Field Application

Table 1

Classification of chamber types according to [34].

Operating conditions		Construction	Measurement surface area (cm^2)	Chamber characteristics	Pros and cons	References
Non-steady state	Non-flow-through	Nonvented	314.2	Cylindric, PVC, portable gas analyser	Pros: (i) Multiple treatments; (ii) Low economic cost; (iii) Reduced field labour; Cons: (i) Serious perturbation of boundary conditions; (ii) Limited spatial representativeness; (iii) “Memory effects” on the chamber walls	Verdi et al. [39]
			314.2	Cylindric, plexiglass, acid trap		Smith et al. [37]
			176.7	Cylindric, polyvinyl, acid trap		Rawluk et al. [43]
			176.7	Cylindric, polyvinyl, acid trap		Grant et al. [42]
			1380.0	Funnel shape, PVC, acid trap		Balsari et al. [38]
			471.4	Cylindric, metal body, acid trap		Nômmik [36]
			—	Cylindric, PVC, acid trap		Wang et al. [41]
			3000.0	Cylindric, IR spectroscopy		Holly et al. [53]
			324.0	Cylindric, IR spectroscopy		Neerackal et al. [54]
Steady state	Flow-through	Vented	314.2	Cylindric, polymethylmethacrylate, portable gas analyser		Yang et al. [55]