Smallholder Coffee Productivity as Affected by Socioeconomic Factors and Technology Adoption

Table 6

Multiple regression for socioeconomic and technical factors affecting coffee productivity.

Dependent var. (output)	Beta	SE	t	Sig	VIF
Constant	4.924	0.618	7.972	0.001
Gender of the farmer	0.046	0.062	1.356	0.178	1.376
Age of the farmer (years)	−0.031	0.037	−0.768	0.444	1.883
Level of education	−0.029	0.037	−0.803	0.423	1.539
Farming experience (years)	0.016	0.044	0.438	0.662	1.575
Household size (number)	0.012	0.042	0.352	0.725	1.398
Off-farm income	0.080	0.064	2.223	0.028	1.539
Land ownership (tenure)	0.091	0.047	2.579	0.011	1.477
Access to extension services	−0.046	0.072	1.383	0.169	1.321
Land size (acres)	0.353	0.046	7.521	0.001	2.631
Credit access (yes = 1; no = 0)	0.074	0.054	2.197	0.030	1.341
Fertilizer rate	0.069	0.046	1.955	0.053	1.472
Manure rate	0.196	0.068	5.580	0.001	1.474
Fungicide rate	0.118	0.061	2.619	0.010	2.409
Pesticide rate	0.088	0.040	2.543	0.012	1.432
Variety adoption	−0.017	0.044	-0.527	0.600	1.290
Coffee spacing	0.001	0.044	0.045	0.964	1.224
Pruning	0.012	0.179	0.386	0.700	1.185
Capping	−0.015	0.064	-0.453	0.651	1.267
Heads per stem	−0.022	0.045	-0.654	0.515	1.359

Highlighted factors were significant at 1% and 5%