Dispersive Solid Phase Extraction for the Analysis of Veterinary Drugs Applied to Food Samples: A Review

Table 2

Magnetic sorbents applied to dispersive techniques in the analysis of veterinary drugs.

Analyte	Matrix	Magnetic material coating	Eluent	Mode	Technique	Limit of detection	Recovery	Reference
Bisphenol A	Milk	Magnetic NPs-nylon 6 composite	MeOH	DMSPE	HPLC-UV	3.05 μg L^−1	86.0–99.0%	[33]
BZD	Swine tissue	Distillation-precipitation polymerization/Fe3O4/SiO2/poly(MAA-co-EGDMA) composite (mixture of MPS-modified, Fe3O4/SiO2, MAA, EGDMA, AIBN)	CAN-TFA	MSPE	CZE-UV	1.05–10.42 ng g^−1 (muscle); 1.06–12.61 ng g^−1 (liver)	81.1–105.4%	[32]
Estrogens	Meat (pork)	Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs)/synthesis of CTAB-coated Fe3O4@caprylic acid NPs	MeOH	DMSPE	HPLC-DAD	0.02–0.03 ng mL^−1	93.3–106.7%	[35]
NSAIDs	Milk, human urine, and water	Magnetic ethylenediamine-functionalized graphene oxide nanocomposite	MeOH	UAMDSPME	HPLC-DAD	0.03–0.1 ng mL^−1	86.4–109.9%	[26]
NSAIDs	Urinary	2-Aminobenzothiazole was polymerized on Fe3O4, graphene oxide/Fe3O4, graphene/Fe3O4	Methanol/acetonitrile	MSPE	HPLC-DAD	0.07–0.3 µg L^−1	85.5–90.5%	[78]
QNs	Milk	Emulsion polymerization magnetic octyl-phenyl silica (TMOS and PTMS-C8 at different molar ratios)	MeOH-NaOH	MSPE	CE-UV	9.0–12.0 μg L^−1	74.0–98.0%	[30]
SAs	Milk	Distillation-precipitation polymerization/Fe3O4/SiO2/poly(MAA-co-EGDMA) composite (mixture of MPS-modified, Fe3O4/SiO2, MAA, EGDMA, AIBN, ACN)	Acetone-5% ammonia	MSPE	LC-MS/MS	0.5–49.5 ng L^−1	87.6–115.6%	[36]
SAs	Milk	Emulsion polymerization magnetic phenyl silica (PTMS and TMOS at different molar ratios)	MeOH-NaOH	MSPE	HPLC-DAD	7.0–14.0 μg L^−1	81.8–114.9%,	[60]
SAs	Milk	Presynthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) onto HCP/(HCP/Fe3O4)	ACN	MSPE	HPLC-DAD	2.0–2.5 ng mL^−1	84.0–105.0%	[85]
TCs	Milk	Emulsion polymerization magnetic phenyl silica (PTMS and TMOS at different molar ratios)	MeOH-acetic acid	MSPE	CE-DAD	2.0–9.0 μg L^−1	94.2–99.8%	[31]

ACN: acetonitrile; AIBM: azo(bis)-isobutyronitrile; BZD: benzimidazole; CE: capillary electrophoresis; C₈: octyltrimethoxysilane; CTAB: cetyltrimethylammonium bromide; DAD: diode array detector; DMSPE: dispersive micro-solid phase extraction; EGDMA: ethylene glycol dimethacrylate; HCP: hypercross-linked polystyrene; HPLC: high performance liquid chromatography; MAA; methacrylic acid; MeOH: methanol; MSPE: magnetic solid-phase extraction; NaOH: hydroxide sodium: NSAIDs: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; QNs: quinolones; PTMS: phenyltrimethylsilane; SAs: sulfonamides; TCs: tetracyclines; TFA: trifluoroacetic acid; TMOS: tetramethyl orthosilicate; UAMDSPME: ultrasound-assisted magnetic dispersive solid-phase microextraction; UV: ultraviolet visible.