Development of a Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE) Cartridge Based on Chitosan-Metal Oxide Nanoparticles (Ch-MO NPs) for Extraction of Pesticides from Water and Determination by HPLC

Table 2

Experimental design using Minitab software and standardized effects of temperature, pH, and time on the adsorption of imidacloprid insecticide at 25 mg/L on Ch-CuO NPs.

Run order	Temperature (°C)	pH	Time (min)	Adsorption () ± SE
1	10	5	10	12.18±0.58
2	40	5	10	31.86±1.16
3	10	9	10	62.21±0.62
4	40	9	10	84.24±0.78
5	10	5	40	19.23±1.77
6	40	5	40	27.93±2.01
7	10	9	40	92.91±1.72
8	40	9	40	100.00±0.00
9	25	7	25	87.43±0.98