Research Article
A GC-MS-Based Metabolomics Investigation of the Protective Effect of Liu-Wei-Di-Huang-Wan in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Mice
Table 2
Metabolite information of each group after 28 days of treatment.
| Id | TR (min) | Endogenous metabolites | Quantitatively results | HMDB | MKR group | Model control group | Liu-Wei-Di-Huang group | Western medicine group | Normal control group |
| 1 | 6.563 | Oxalic acid | 1.0081 ± 0.0647 | 1.1050 ± 0.0638 | 1.2981 ± 0.198 | 0.996 ± 0.126 | 1.2671 ± 0.0878 | HMDB 00190 | 2 | 7.329 | L-Lactic acid | 0.1151 ± 0.0176 | 0.0670 ± 0.0423 | 0.1443 ± 0.065 | 0.0831 ± 0.0639 | 0.0708 ± 0.0105 | HMDB 02329 | 3 | 8.244 | Butyric acid | 0.01684 ± 0.0013 | 0.01315 ± 0.0019 | 0.02088 ± 0.025 | 0.0136 ± 0.0057 | 0.023 ± 0.0043 | HMDB 00357 | 4 | 9.466 | 3-Hydroxybutyric acid | 0.0261 ± 0.0112 | 0.02191 ± 0.003 | 0.01906 ± 0.0122 | 0.01847 ± 0.0133 | 0.0135 ± 0.027 | HMDB 00883 | 5 | 10.165 | Urea | 0.74953 ± 0.3128 | 0.69655 ± 0.1089 | 1.19208 ± 0.1639 | 0.84024 ± 0.2563 | 0.6210 ± 0.0228 | HMDB 00294 | 6 | 10.756 | Phosphoric acid | 0.2025 ± 0.0374 | 0.25623 ± 0.0383 | 0.30031 ± 0.0406 | 0.23334 ± 0.0377 | 0.2436 ± 0.096 | HMDB 02142 | 7 | 11.283 | L-Proline | 0.01115 ± 0.0125 | 0.00575 ± 0.0092 | 0.01983 ± 0.0202 | 0.0093 ± 0.0004 | 0.0083 ± 0.0024 | HMDB 00162 | 8 | 11.469 | Glycine | 0.02126 ± 0.0054 | 0.01324 ± 0.0074 | 0.01126 ± 0.0134 | 0.00862 ± 0.0075 | 0.0724 ± 0.0012 | HMDB 00123 | 9 | 10.397 | Serine | 0.00258 ± 0.0023 | 0.00646 ± 0.0069 | 0.00137 ± 0.0017 | 0.00148 ± 0.0019 | 0.00132 ± 0.0009 | HMDB 00187 | 10 | 11.185 | L-Threonine | 0.02325 ± 0.0226 | 0.02313 ± 0.0046 | 0.03143 ± 0.0357 | 0.02225 ± 0.0106 | 0.0235 ± 0.0109 | HMDB 00167 | 11 | 14.985 | L-Aspartic acid | 0.00942 ± 0.002 | 0.0082 ± 0.0056 | 0.00485 ± 0.0042 | 0.00481 ± 0.0068 | 0.00422 ± 0.0058 | HMDB 00191 | 12 | 16.033 | Erythronic acid | 0.1006 ± 0.0172 | 0.06606 ± 0.0155 | 0.10925 ± 0.0136 | 0.05299 ± 0.001 | 0.06129 ± 0.0034 | HMDB 00182 | 13 | 18.024 | L-Glutamine | 0.00405 ± 0.0036 | 0.0082 ± 0.0078 | 0.00763 ± 0.0062 | 0.0088 ± 0.012 | 0.0062 ± 0.0013 | HMDB 00641 | 14 | 19.076 | Citric acid | 0.05004 ± 0.0105 | 0.02826 ± 0.004 | 0.02627 ± 0.0077 | 0.02318 ± 0.0053 | 0.0136 ± 0.0015 | HMDB 00094 | 15 | 19.556 | N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine | 0.01069 ± 0.0094 | 0.00412 ± 0.0038 | 0.00769 ± 0.0025 | 0.00142 ± 0.002 | 0.0011 ± 0.0001 | HMDB 00660 | 16 | 20.427 | D-Galactose | 0.0155 ± 0.0027 | 0.01657 ± 0.0017 | 0.01977 ± 0.0087 | 0.02058 ± 0.0041 | 0.00188 ± 0.0041 | HMDB 00143 | 17 | 22.175 | D-Mannose | 0.01267 ± 0.012 | 0.01474 ± 0.0128 | 0.02510 ± 0.0041 | 0.01819 ± 0.0013 | 0.0186 ± 0.017 | HMDB 00169 | 18 | 22.667 | Mannitol | 0.44126 ± 0.0853 | 0.43875 ± 0.0532 | 0.60073 ± 0.1016 | 0.46482 ± 0.0544 | 0.5924 ± 0.0454 | HMDB 00143 | 19 | 22.386 | D-Glucose | 1.58832 ± 0.1782 | 1.67471 ± 0.0979 | 1.27004 ± 0.1011 | 1.39533 ± 0.208 | 1.3509 ± 0.1477 | HMDB 00122 | 20 | 22.803 | L-Lysine | 0.01849 ± 0.018 | 0.00986 ± 0.0104 | 0.0481 ± 0.018 | 0.01357 ± 0.0078 | 0.0126 ± 0.0010 | HMDB 00182 | 21 | 23.076 | L-Tyrosine | 0.00374 ± 0.0065 | 0.00357 ± 0.0037 | 0.02989 ± 0.0305 | 0.00216 ± 0.0024 | 0.0219 ± 0.0032 | HMDB 00158 | 22 | 22.982 | D-Turanose | 0.00102 ± 0.0018 | 0.0136 ± 0.0062 | 0.01904 ± 0.0079 | 0.0268 ± 0.0038 | 0.0211 ± 0.0016 | HMDB 11740 | 23 | 23.734 | D-Arabinose | 0.02608 ± 0.0115 | 0.1043 ± 0.0943 | 0.05253 ± 0.0453 | 0.09482 ± 0.0859 | 0.0743 ± 0.0161 | HMDB 29942 | 24 | 24.877 | Hexadecanoic acid | 0.3109 ± 0.0146 | 0.27448 ± 0.0968 | 0.22018 ± 0.0698 | 0.2133 ± 0.0317 | 0.15475 ± 0.0359 | HMDB 00220 | 25 | 25.411 | Myo-inositol | 0.02709 ± 0.0011 | 0.04054 ± 0.0043 | 0.05513 ± 0.0209 | 0.03449 ± 0.0027 | 0.00611 ± 0.0018 | HMDB 00211 | 26 | 27.025 | Linoleic acid | 0.09659 ± 0.0158 | 0.14966 ± 0.0097 | 0.13681 ± 0.0508 | 0.10969 ± 0.035 | 0.1248 ± 0.0049 | HMDB 00673 | 27 | 27.1 | Elaidic acid | 0.07306 ± 0.0179 | 0.10672 ± 0.0386 | 0.1192 ± 0.0312 | 0.10621 ± 0.0527 | 0.1804 ± 0.0036 | HMDB 00573 | 28 | 27.404 | Octadecanoic acid | 0.1304 ± 0.0040 | 0.1216 ± 0.0178 | 0.10271 ± 0.034 | 0.10193 ± 0.0115 | 0.09816 ± 0.018 | HMDB 00827 | 29 | 28.714 | Arachidonic acid | 0.0223 ± 0.0016 | 0.0252 ± 0.0025 | 0.02653 ± 0.0102 | 0.0192 ± 0.009 | 0.0141 ± 0.0018 | HMDB 01043 | 30 | 32.967 | Cholesterol | 0.1060 ± 0.0898 | 0.07909 ± 0.0757 | 0.0413 ± 0.0837 | 0.0323 ± 0.0075 | 0.0451 ± 0.0209 | HMDB 00067 |
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