Grape-Seed Polyphenolic Extract Improves the Eye Phenotype in a Drosophila Model of Tauopathy
Figure 1
GSPE attenuates R406W tau overexpression in the fly eye. Male and female eye size differs; male eyes are shown in (a)–(c), and female eyes are shown in (d)–(f). Overexpression of R406W early in eye development results in a small or no eye ((b), (e)). Eyes that do not overexpress R406W are shown in (a), (d) for comparison. GSPE treatment ameliorates the reduction in eye size (representative eyes shown in (c), (f)). GSPE treatment does not affect normal-eye development (not shown). (g) The range of ey R406W phenotypes varies between trials, so treatment comparisons were made within experiments. The average visual score ( eye, 4 almost normal eye) SEM of male and female eyes is shown for three independent trials for males and three independent trials for females. The number of flies () and P value calculated using a paired t-test on GraphPad online software are indicated beneath each trial. Flies were collected within 5 days of eclosion. Statistically significant improvement () was observed in multiple independent experiments. indicates , indicates , and indicates . (An excerpt of these images has been presented without data in a review manuscript by the author.)
