Review Article

Membrane Incorporation, Channel Formation, and Disruption of Calcium Homeostasis by Alzheimer's β-Amyloid Protein

Figure 3

Effects of amyloidogenic proteins on membrane disruption and [Ca2+]i elevations. (a) Effects of amyloidogenic proteins and their analogues on [Ca2+]i. Typical time course of [Ca2+]i prior to 2 min and after 3 min of the application of the peptide is depicted. Concentration is 10 μM for all peptides used. (A) PrP106–126; (B) scramble PrP106–126; (C) human amylin; (D) rat amylin; (E) NAC; (F) magainin 2. The arrow indicates the time of peptide addition. (b) Membrane disruption by amyloidogenic peptides. AβP(1–40)  (closed circle), PrP106–126 (closed square), and human amylin (open circle) (each 10 μM) were added to negatively charged liposomes containing carboxyfluorescein. The ratio of DPPC (dipalmitoil phosphatidyl choline): CHOL (cholesterol): DPPG (dipalmitoil phosphatidyl glycerol) in the liposome was 3 : 4 : 3. The temporal changes of the fluorescence intensity were monitored. The ratio of the released fluorescent dye (carboxy fluoresein; CF) compared to the total amount of CF was described as the percentage of membrane disruption.
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