Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease Measured with Arterial Spin Labeling Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Table 2

Overview of the imaging techniques dedicated to brain hemodynamics (adapted from Wintermark et al. [27]).

	PET	SPECT	DSC	ASL	fMRI
Age range	Adults (and children for static exams)	Adults (and children)	Adults (and children)	Adults + children	Adults (and children)
Contrast material	^15O2, C ^15O2,	^99Tc-HMPAO, ^99Tc-ECD, ^133Xe, ^123I-IMP (diffusible)	Gadolinium chelate (nondiffusible)	None (endogenous contrast)	None
Radiation/study	0.5–2 mSv	3.5–12 mSv	None	None	None
Data acquisition	5–9 min	10–15 min	1 min	5–10 min
Data processing	5–10 min	5 min	5 min	5 min
Assessed parameters	CBV, CBF, rOEF, glucose metabolism	CBF	CBF, CBV, MTT, TTP, permeability map	CBF	BOLD signal
Quantitative accuracy	Yes	Yes for ^133Xe and ^123I-IMP	Not in daily practice	Yes
Including for low perfused areas	Yes	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not below 10 mL/min/100 g	Yes
Reproducibility	5%	10%	10–15%	10%
Spatial resolution	4–6 mm	1 cm	2 mm	2 mm
Minimal time interval between 2 successive exams	10 min	10 min	25 min	0 min
Applications in neurodegenerative disorders	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes