A Review of Methods Applied to Study Airborne Biocontaminants inside Aircraft Cabins

Table 2

Expiratory droplet characteristics.

Reference	Type	Expiratory activity	Gas/aerosol	Quantity	Concentration (#/m^3)	Size (10^−6 m)	Velocity (m/s)
Zhang and Chen [9]	Num	Human breathing	CO2	5⋅10^−6 m^3/s	N/A	N/A	?
Yang et al. [16]	Exp	Coughing	Human subject, polydispersed	9⋅10^−4 m^3/s (max)	2.4⋅10^9 (max)	Peaks at 1, 4, and 8	?
Gao and Niu [18]	Num	Sneezing	Water, monodispersed	9600/sneezing	?	1	20
Yan et al. [20]	Num and Exp	Not specified (general)	CO2	7.5⋅10^−5 m^3/s	N/A	N/A	?
		Speaking (counting 1–100)	Human subject, polydispersed	250/speaking	?		?
Duguid [34]	Exp	Coughing	Human subject, polydispersed	5.000/coughing	?	4–8 (most common)	?
		Sneezing	Human subject, polydispersed	1.000.000/sneezing	?		?
Chao et al. [38]	Exp	Coughing	Human subject, polydispersed	2085 (max)/coughing	5.2⋅10^6 (max)	4–8	11.7
		Speaking (counting from 1–100)	Human subject, polydispersed	6720 (max)/speaking	2.2⋅10^5 (max)	4–8 (most common)	3.1
Fabian et al. [39]	Exp	Breathing	Human subject, polydispersed	?	8.4⋅10^6 (max)	0.3–0.5	?
Fairchild and Stampfer [40]	Exp	Breathing	Human subject, polydispersed	?	9.9⋅10^5	?	?
Wan et al. [41]	Num and Exp	Coughing	Water, polydispersed	?	2.5⋅10^9	6.75 (medium)	10
Zhang et al. [42]	Num and Exp	Not specified (general)	DEHS, monodispersed	7.5⋅10^−5 m^3/s	10^12	0.7	?
			SF6	5⋅10^−8 m^3/s	N/A	N/A	?
Shimada et al. [43]	Num and Exp	Not specified (general)	latex polystyrene, polydispersed	1.7⋅10^−5 m^3/s	3⋅10^10	0.14	?
		Coughing	Water, monodispersed	10^6/coughing	?	8.5	9 (max)
Gupta et al. [44]	Num and Exp	Breath	Water, monodispersed	525/breathing	?	0.4	4 (max)
		Talking (for 15 second talk)	Water, monodispersed	2250/talking	?	30	?
		Talking		?	9.9⋅10^5	?	?

Num: numerical; Exp: experimental; ?: not informed; N/A: not applicable; max: maximum.