Burning Characteristics of Ammonium-Nitrate-Based Composite Propellants with a Hydroxyl-Terminated Polybutadiene/Polytetrahydrofuran Blend Binder

<table class="table-group" width="800px"><tr class="fig-image" id="a"><td><img alt="378483.fig.003a" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/ijae/volume-2012/378483/figures/378483.fig.003a.jpg"/></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td align="center"><table><tr><td><b>(a) </b>AN/HTPB propellant <svg height="15.9125" id="M43" style="vertical-align:-2.57985pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.087502 15.9125" width="47.087502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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t-76 -68.5l-22 20q60 69 60 111q0 21 -14 34t-55 22q-21 4 -63 16q-68 19 -101.5 52.5t-33.5 96.5q0 125 157 206q-27 10 -46 36t-19 58q0 84 103 152q-43 3 -71.5 21t-28.5 45q0 37 65 59l17 -6q-9 -14 -9 -33q0 -21 17.5 -36t51.5 -19q82 53 147 53q18 0 18 -17z" id="x1D709"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,0,0,-.017,18.268,12.638)"><path d="M535 323h-483v50h483v-50zM535 138h-483v50h483v-50z" id="x3D"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,0,0,-.017,32.972,12.638)"><path d="M241 635q53 0 94 -28.5t63.5 -76t33.5 -102.5t11 -116q0 -58 -11 -112.5t-34 -103.5t-63.5 -78.5t-94.5 -29.5t-95 28t-64.5 75t-34.5 102.5t-11 118.5q0 58 11.5 112.5t34.5 103t64.5 78t95.5 29.5zM238 602q-32 0 -55.5 -25t-35.5 -68t-17.5 -91t-5.5 -105
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</svg></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="b"><td><img alt="378483.fig.003b" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/ijae/volume-2012/378483/figures/378483.fig.003b.jpg"/></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td align="center"><table><tr><td><b>(b) </b>AN/HTPB/PTHF2 propellant (<svg height="15.9125" id="M44" style="vertical-align:-2.57985pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.362499 15.9125" width="47.362499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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t-76 -68.5l-22 20q60 69 60 111q0 21 -14 34t-55 22q-21 4 -63 16q-68 19 -101.5 52.5t-33.5 96.5q0 125 157 206q-27 10 -46 36t-19 58q0 84 103 152q-43 3 -71.5 21t-28.5 45q0 37 65 59l17 -6q-9 -14 -9 -33q0 -21 17.5 -36t51.5 -19q82 53 147 53q18 0 18 -17z" id="x1D709"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,0,0,-.017,12.387,12.638)"><path d="M535 323h-483v50h483v-50zM535 138h-483v50h483v-50z" id="x3D"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,0,0,-.017,27.091,12.638)"><path d="M241 635q53 0 94 -28.5t63.5 -76t33.5 -102.5t11 -116q0 -58 -11 -112.5t-34 -103.5t-63.5 -78.5t-94.5 -29.5t-95 28t-64.5 75t-34.5 102.5t-11 118.5q0 58 11.5 112.5t34.5 103t64.5 78t95.5 29.5zM238 602q-32 0 -55.5 -25t-35.5 -68t-17.5 -91t-5.5 -105
q0 -76 10 -138.5t37 -107.5t69 -45q32 0 55.5 25t35.5 68.5t17.5 91.5t5.5 105t-5.5 105.5t-18 92t-36 68t-56.5 24.5z" id="x30"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,0,0,-.017,35.25,12.638)"><path d="M113 -12q-24 0 -39.5 16t-15.5 42q0 24 16 40.5t40 16.5t40 -16.5t16 -40.5q0 -26 -16 -42t-41 -16z" id="x2E"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,0,0,-.017,39.126,12.638)"><path d="M137 343l67 33q37 17 63 17q79 0 129.5 -53t50.5 -131q0 -92 -58 -156.5t-147 -64.5t-147 68t-58 182q0 63 17 119t43 95.5t61.5 72t69 52t67.5 31.5q62 22 128 33l6 -32q-56 -11 -108 -35q-149 -71 -184 -231zM227 337q-47 0 -95 -27q-6 -23 -6 -70q0 -93 36 -155.5
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</svg>)</td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<table>SEM photographs of burning surface of propellant quenched at 7 MPa.</table>

International Journal of Aerospace Engineering

fig3

Figure 3

Figure 3: Burning Characteristics of Ammonium-Nitrate-Based Composite Propellants with a Hydroxyl-Terminated Polybutadiene/Polytetrahydrofuran Blend Binder 

Figure 3 | Burning Characteristics of Ammonium-Nitrate-Based Composite Propellants with a Hydroxyl-Terminated Polybutadiene/Polytetrahydrofuran Blend Binder 