Numerical Simulation of Airfoil Aerodynamic Penalties and Mechanisms in Heavy Rain

Figure 1

(a) O-type computational domain of meshes for both the original and numerically tripped NACA 64-210 airfoils; (b) near mesh of the original airfoil; (c) near mesh of the airfoil tripped at 5% chordwise station; (d) close view of the tripped position on the 5% chordwise tripped airfoil.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)