Long-Term Microgravity Effects on Isometric Handgrip and Precision Pinch Force with Visual and Proprioceptive Feedback

Figure 8

Contraction speed. (a) Handgrip dynamometer- (HGD-) impulsive response in the time window 0–4 seconds. The values of the mean contraction speed decrease, respectively, from F1 to F3 of 45% for 25% and 50% and 44.55% for 75% MVC tests. (b) Handgrip dynamometer- (HGD-) contraction speed (CS) in the time window 0–24 seconds. The values of the mean contraction speed decrease, respectively, from F1 to F3 of 42.7% for 25%, 50% for 50%, and 45.7% for 75% MVC tests. The timing of the different sessions is reported in Materials and Methods.

(a)

(b)