Enhanced Hybrid Differential Evolution for Earth-Moon Low-Energy Transfer Trajectory Optimization

Algorithm 1: DE/rand/1/exp.

1: Generate the initial population , define as the -th individual in , is the  population size, is the number of function evaluations in each run, MaxNFEs is the number of max function evaluation, is the number of decision variable, is the mutation factor, is crossover rate.

2:

3: Evaluate the fitness for the each individual in .

4:

5: whileNFEs ≤ MaxNFEsdo

6:   for to do

7:   Select and

8:   

9:   

10:   

11:   repeat

12:      

13:      

14:      

15:   until or

16:   Evaluate the trial vector

17:   

18:   if is better than then

19:      

20:   end if

21:   end for

22: end while

Algorithm 1: DE/rand/1/exp.