Research Article

Preliminary Assessment of Hydrogen Peroxide Gel as an Oxidizer in a Catalyst Ignited Hybrid Thruster

Table 1

Propellant and gelling agent combinations from previous studies.

Research interestResearch groupPropellant/gelling agentGelling agent wt%

Formation and rheological characteristicsVarghese et al., 1995 [35]Kerosene/cabosil (fumed silica), cabosil and propylene glycol (PG), agar agar, methyl cellulose, organophilic clay complex (OPC), and OPC and PG
Unsymmetrical dimethyl hydrazine (UDMH)/agar agar, ethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, and methyl cellulose
0.7-17
Teipel and Foerter-Barth, 2004 [36]Nitromethane/silicon dioxide4-8
Richard Arnold et al., 2009 [37]JP-8, RP-1/fumed silica4-6
Klaus Madlener, 2009 [38]Paraffin/thixatrol st
Paraffin/Aerosil 200
Jet A-1/thixatrol st
Ethanol/Methocel 311
3.5-7.5
Rahimi et al., 2010 [39]Monomethyl hydrazine (MMH)/hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)
Hydrazine/hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)
JP-8/silica
Inhibited red fuming nitric acid (IRFNA)/silica
Hydrogen peroxide/silica
Water/Carbopol
0.3-8
Dennis et al., 2013 [29]Monomethylhydrazine (MMH)/hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), fumed silica, and mixture2-6
Padwal and Mishra, 2013 [40]Jet A1/thixatrol st and xylene1-9
Jyoti and Baek, 2014 [23]Hydrogen peroxide/fumed silica6
Jyoti and Baek, 2014 [60]Ethanol/methyl cellulose8
Jyoti and Baek, 2014 [61]Ethanol/methyl cellulose4-9
Jyoti and Baek, 2016 [30]Ethanolamine/agarose and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), agarose and fumed silica, and PVP and fumed silica1-10
John et al., 2017 [59]Ethanol/methyl cellulose (MC) and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC)2-6

AtomizationGreen et al., 1991 [41]Water/sodium hydroxide, acrylic acid polymer resin (Carbopol 941)0.5
Chojnacki and Feikema, 1994 [42]Water/sodium hydroxide, Carbopol0.5-1
Shai Rahimi, 1998 [43]Water/-0.3-1
Rahimi and Natan, 2000 [44]RP-1/-, water/-0.3-1
Kampen et al., 2007 [45]Jet A-1/thixatrol st7.5
Baek et al., 2011 [46]Water/Carbopol0.1-1
Yang et al., 2012 [47]Water/polysaccharide2
Fu et al., 2014 [56]Water/xanthan gum1
Fu et al., 2014 [48]Water/polysaccharide2
Padwal and Mishra, 2016 [62]Jet A1/thixatrol st and xylene7.5
Kim et al., 2017 [88]Kerosene/thixatrol st7.5
Connell et al., 2018 [34]N-Dodecane/fumed silica2.85
Guan et al., 2018 [89]ADN/--

Ignition and combustion behaviorVolker Weiser et al., 2005 [50]Nitromethane, JP-1, iso-octane/Aerosil 200, guar gum1-2
Benveniste Natan and Solomon, 2010 [24]Kerosene/nanosilica fumed powder-
Varma and Jyoti, 2011 [51]Unsymmetrical dimethyl hydrazine (UDMH)/methyl cellulose3.5
Mishra and Patyal, 2012 [52]Jet A1/thixatrol st and xylene7.5
Solomon et al., 2013 [53]Monomethylhydrazine (MMH)/hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), tetraglyme, and fumed silica3
Jyoti et al., 2017 [63]Ethanolamine/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and fumed silica6
Naseem et al., 2017 [31]Ethanol/cellulose derivative6-8
Jyoti et al., 2017 [32]Ethanol/propyl cellulose4-6
Shoaib et al., 2018 [33]Ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol, heptanol/propyl cellulose2
Dennis et al., 2018 [57]Monomethylhydrazine (MMH)/hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)
MMH/fumed silica
Red fuming nitric acid (RFNA)/fumed silica
3-6
Connell et al., 2018 [27]N-Heptane, kerosene/fumed silica3

Thruster testYasuhara et al., 1993 [58]Inhibited red fuming nitric acid (IRFNA)/cab-o-si1 (silica particles)
Monomethyl hydrazine (MMH)/Klucel, hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)
-
Rahimi et al., 2004 [26]Monomethyl hydrazine (MMH)/hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)
Hydrazine/hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)
JP-8/silica
Inhibited red fuming nitric acid (IRFNA)/silica
Hydrogen peroxide/silica
Water/Carbopol
0.3-8
Branden and Elzooghby, 2007 [25]Ethanol/methyl cellulose10