Effects of Chlorophyll-Derived Efflux Pump Inhibitor Pheophorbide a and Pyropheophorbide a on Growth and Macrolide Antibiotic Resistance of Indicator and Anaerobic Swine Manure Bacteria

Figure 4

Effects of pyropheophorbide a (pyp, 0.5 and 50 μg mL⁻¹) alone and in combination with erythromycin (ery, 0.0625 and 2048 μg mL⁻¹) on growth parameters ((a) generation time; (b) growth rate; (c) total yield) of naïve and erythromycin-induced S. aureus ATCC 29213 under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Values are averages and standard deviations from three repeated experiments.

(a)

(b)

(c)