Innovative Radiating Systems for Train Localization in Interference Conditions

Table 2

GNSS antenna design guidelines.

Antenna parameter	Guidelines for GNSS applications
Radiation pattern	Hemispherical
Roll-off	11–13 dB (from broad-side to 10° elevation direction)
Polarization purity	(i) 1 dB at broad-side; (ii) <6 dB at 10° elevation
Phase centre	(i) Stable versus frequency; (ii) Stable versus Az, El angles