Application Article
Joint Optimization of Microstrip Patch Antennas Using Particle Swarm Optimization for UWB Systems
Table 2
Optimized values for PCMA at the lower frequency of 3.1, 4.8, 7.4, 8.5, and 10.2 GHz.
| | Sr. No. | Observed parameters | Desired | Calculated | Geometric dimensions | | A | p |
| | 1 | Frequency | 3.10 | 3.099129460 | 1.113653073 | 0.830078783 | | Bandwidth | 7.50 | 7.512870540 | | Quality factor | 0.76 | 0.773128898 |
| | 2 | Frequency | 4.80 | 4.798244915 | 0.894574369 | 0.631623825 | | Bandwidth | 5.80 | 5.871755085 | | Quality factor | 1.23 | 1.266451419 |
| | 3 | Frequency | 7.40 | 7.379833139 | 2.827968575 | 0.309353270 | | Bandwidth | 3.20 | 3.209668615 | | Quality factor | 2.77 | 2.652668673 |
| | 4 | Frequency | 8.50 | 8.543197570 | 0.542374955 | 0.313923482 | | Bandwidth | 2.10 | 2.125680243 | | Quality factor | 4.52 | 4.599305466 |
| | 5 | Frequency | 10.20 | 10.189734201 | 0.237655476 | 0.119453729 | | Bandwidth | 0.40 | 0.401764830 | | Quality factor | 26.00 | 26.983456210 |
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