Research Article

Over-the-Air Testing of Cognitive Radio Nodes in a Virtual Electromagnetic Environment

Table 1

Summary of some available OTA test solutions.

Solution developer Chamber type and dimension Hardware support (available antennas/probes) Channel model Frequency range Other features

Elektrobit [33] Anechoic to , up to 32 channels with 48 fading paths per fading channel available Standard (LTE, ITU 3G), optional including LTE-A evaluation models, dynamic spatially evolving channel modeling 30–2700 MHz, RF interface channel signal BW 40 MHz Supports carrier aggregation up to 160 MHz, multiple RF bands, coordinated multipoint, and relaying

Spirent [34] Anechoic 4 to 32 probe layouts Standard (3GPP, SCM/SCME, WINNER, and ITU) and classical user-defined models Up to 6 GHz, signal BW 26 MHz (SR5500 Wireless Channel Emulator) Transmit antenna having single as well as dual polarizations

SATIMO [35] Anechoic 4 to 32 MIMO dual-polarized probes Propagation models in a controlled environment (single cluster, multiple cluster, and uniform). 400 MHz to 6 GHz Positioner feature allowing to choose desired azimuth for testing the DuT in more orientations

Rohde and Schwarz [5, 36] Anechoic ( ) MIMO downlink Static channel model Test results reported for 10 MHz BW (LTE mode) in 0.7 GHz band (TS8991 MIMO-OTA) Quad-ridged horn antennas, dedicated and antenna connectors

ETS-Lindgren [37] Anechoic ( ) Not specified Specially modified spatial channel models, appropriate Doppler and delay spreads to emulate the scattering effect of fixed and moving objects 700 MHz to 10 GHz (Model AMS-8700) MIMO dual-polarized environment simulation antennas

Emite Ing [38] Multimode-stirred reverberation chambers MIMO Analyzer (Series E100) having ability to test up to 8 radiating element prototypes Angle of arrival (AoA), angle spread (AS), number of multipath components (MPC), and the eigenvalues considered as channel parameters Not specified Different fading scenarios with and without the presence of the user, fast and nonexpensive

Agilent Technologies [39] Reverberation, anechoic MIMO Correlation-based and geometry-based model Not specified Two-stage method