Real-Time MIMO Channel Sounder for Emulation of Distributed Ultrawideband Systems

Table 1

Comparison of UWB channel sounding architectures.

Principle	MLBS generator and RTO [19]	Sliding correlator [20]	AWG and RTO [17]	Conventional VNA	Proposed MLBS based prototype
Excitation signal	PNS; 1023 chips	PNS; 131017 chips	PNS; 2047 chips	Stepped frequency	PNS; 4095
Channels	1	1	1	~2	2Tx 4 Rx
Frequency band	3.6–6.0 GHz	3.5–4.7 GHz	2–12 GHz	Typically; 0–26 GHz	DC–3.5 GHz; 3.5–10.5 GHz; 59.5–66.5 GHz
Measurement rate	Not available (NA)	0.077 Hz	2.5 Hz	typ. less than; 2 Hz @ 40 dB; 0.2 Hz @ 90 dB	100 Hz; in 1Tx-4Rx configuration
Emulation of distributed systems	Long; synchrocable	Wireless synchro	Long; antenna cables	Long; antenna cables	Long synchro,; or antenna cables, or wireless
AGC	No	No	No	No	Yes 0–40 dB
Instantaneous dynamic range	NA	34 dB	NA; usually <60 dB	Typically; <120 dB	67 dB for wired synchronization