Gain Enhancement of a Microstrip Patch Antenna Using a Reflecting Layer

Table 1

Comparison of the antennas’ parameters.

Design	(GHz)	(dB)	(dB)		(dBi)		VSWR	Impedance BW (MHz)	Size () mm^3
			Sim.	Mrd.
First stage	2.423	−7.85	2.22		6.340	0.386	2.326	—
Second stage	2.411	−25.028	3.30		5.938	0.544	1.118	42.8
Third stage (proposed design)	2.45	−28.028	5.4	5.2	7.747	0.582	1.082	44.7
DB-CPWFA [18]	2.45 & 5.8	−15 & −37	7 & 6.8	6 & 8.5	—	—	—	245 & 745
Conventional [19]	2.344	−12.617	3.11		5.02	0.64	1.61	64.8

is the resonance frequency, Sim. is the simulated gain, Mrd. is the measured gain, VSWR is the voltage standing wave ratio, is the width of the substrate, is the length of the substrate, and is the height of the antenna.