An Optimal Electric Dipole Antenna Model and Its Field Propagation

Table 3

Grounding impedance of electrodes and comparison between practical and theoretical utilization factor.

Electrodes configuration	Interval	Number of electrodes		Measured impedance			Utilization factor deviation
A	0.5	1	ł	21.00	ł	ł	ł
	0.5	2	ł	15.30	ł	ł	ł
	0.5	3	0.46	11.82	0.59	0.58	2.8%
	0.5	4	0.46	10.65	0.49	0.51	−3.7%
	0.5	5	0.46	9.36	0.45	0.47	−4.6%
	1.0	2	0.23	13.14	0.80	0.81	−1.2%
	1.0	3	0.23	10.20	0.69	0.72	−4.2%
	1.5	2	0.15	12.83	0.82	0.86	−4.7%
	2.0	2	0.12	12.39	0.85	0.89	−4.5%
B	1.7	1	ł	21.0	ł	ł	ł
	1.7	2	ł	13.11	ł	ł	ł
	1.7	3	0.25	9.57	0.73	0.71	2.8%
	3.4	2	0.13	11.94	0.88	0.89	−1.1%