A Novel Nonlinear LPDA Design for HF Direction Finding

Table 3

Comparison with the Carrel antenna and proposed antenna.

Frequency	Effective radius		Beamwidth		Gain
	Carrel method	Proposed nonlinear method	Carrel method	Proposed nonlinear method	Carrel method	Proposed nonlinear method
2 MHz	165.4 m	167.4 m	80°	86°	10.3 dBi	9.2 dBi
4 MHz	91.6 m	118.3 m	74°	76°	11.3 dBi	11.1 dBi
8 MHz	57.3 m	82.1 m	70°	64°	12.1 dBi	12.8 dBi
12 MHz	49.2 m	68.7 m	66°	62°	12.6 dBi	13.6 dBi
20 MHz	38.6 m	50.2 m	70°	60°	12.8 dBi	13.7 dBi
25 MHz	36.3 m	42.0 m	68°	60°	12.9 dBi	13.5 dBi
30 MHz	34.9 m	36.2 m	68°	64°	12.7 dBi	13.2 dBi