Outdoor-to-Indoor Channel Measurement and Coverage Analysis for 5G Typical Spectrums

Table 2

Penetration loss of various types of glass windows.

Class	Subclass	Penetration loss	Application scenario	Information [13]
Ordinary glass	Ordinary glass (<15 mm)	3–8 dB	Old houses/shops (full coverage over rooms through exterior windows)	Europe: ∼86%; Austrian: <20%; Canada: ∼60%; United States: 80%; China: 45%–85%
	Coated glass (6 mm)	11.83 dB
Low-E glass	Shanghai, China (18 mm)	15 dB	New/renovated homes/shops (coverage over areas close to exterior windows)	Europe: ∼12%; Austrian: >80%; Canada: ∼30%; United States: 10%; China: 10%∼50%
	Vancouver, Canada	16 dB
IRR glass	IRR ordinary window	31.4 dB [13]	New CBD office building (O2I coverage is difficult)	Europe: ∼2%; Canada: ∼10%; United States: 10%; China: 5%
	Modern IRR glass	33 dB [13]
	Tinted glass (38 mm)	40.1 dB [21]