A Study of a Wide-Angle Scanning Phased Array Based on a High-Impedance Surface Ground Plane

Figure 3

Comparison of the reflection coefficient in the E-plane scan for the dipole array on the HIS ground plane and PEC ground plane, where the solid lines are obtained from HFSS and the dashed lines are calculated from equation 1. For the case of the PEC ground plane, not only is the HIS ground replaced by the PEC but also the dipole size is tuned to have a resonance at broadside.