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ā | Scientific Ecological Knowledge | Local Ecological Knowledge | Administrative or Bureaucratic Knowledge | Professional Ecological Knowledge |
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Possessors of knowledge | Research scientists, educators, technical specialists | Local resource users, managers, service providers | Government officials and bureaucrats | Agency professionals at multiple levels |
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Origin of knowledge | Systematic inquiry | Experience with resource, cultural tradition | Administrative procedure and actions | Agency mission, regulation, technical guides, procedures |
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Knowledge content | Ecosystem variables, parameters, responses | Ecosystem capacity to support livelihoods | Decision making for public interest | Best management practices, resource use regulations |
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Sources of feedback | Hypothesis testing, peer review, conference and public critique | Observation, human well-being, cultural persistence | Legal proceedings, public hearings | Legal proceedings, public critique |
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