Review Article
A Review of Indocyanine Green Fluorescent Imaging in Surgery
Table 3
ICG cytotoxicity studies.
| Cell | Type | Ref. | Comment |
| ARPE19 | In vitro | [54] | ICG 1 mg/mL; not toxic | RPE | In vitro | [55] | IfCG; no damage | Glial cell | Ditto | Ditto | ditto; some damage | RPE | Rabbit | [56] | ICG; no damage | RPE | Ditto | Ditto | IfCG; no damage | RPE | Gene expr. | [57] | Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis | Ditto | Ditto | Ditto | 0.25 mg/mL recommended | Müller | In vitro | [41] | Fluorescent lamp illumination: | Ditto | Ditto | Ditto | induces cytotoxicity | Intravenous | Rat | [58] | IRDye 800CW; no toxicity obs. | Intradermal | Ditto | Ditto | Ditto; ditto | Spin. root ax. | Rat | [59] | Neurotoxicity observed | RPE | Human cult. | [60] | Growth inhibition and damage | RPE | Human cult. | [61] | ICG interactions with RPE |
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