Novel Nanotechnology of TiO₂ Improves Physical-Chemical and Biological Properties of Glass Ionomer Cement

Table 3

Mean values (µg/well) and standard deviation (SD) for extracellular matrix (ECM) collagenous and noncollagenous content in cell cultures for days 7 and 14.

	Experimental groups	Day 7; Mean value ± SD	Day 14; Mean value ± SD
Collagenous	Control (KM)	3.35 ± 0.92 Aa	2.81 ± 0.32 Aa
	KM + 3% TiO2	2.52 ± 0.31 Aa	2.93 ± 0.60 Aa
	KM + 5% TiO2	2.35 ± 0.19 Aa	2.94 ± 0.55 Ab
	Cells	1.41 ± 0.15 Ba	1.98 ± 0.11 Bb
Noncollagenous	Control (KM)	54.9 ± 2.31 Aa	53.3 ± 3.46 Ba
	KM + 3% TiO2	65.8 ± 5.53 Ba	54.9 ± 3.89 Bb
	KM + 5% TiO2	61.3 ± 4.11 Ba	54.6 ± 4.14 Ba
	Cells	36.9 ± 1.0 Aa	59.7 ± 2.61 Ab

Different uppercase letters indicate intergroup differences by the Kruskal-Wallis test (), whereas different lowercase letters indicate intragroup difference by the Friedman test ().