Simplified Surface Treatments for Ceramic Cementation: Use of Universal Adhesive and Self-Etching Ceramic Primer

Figure 1

SEM images of nonetched and etched IPS e.max ceramic surfaces after different conditioning. (a) x1000 magnification, ceramic surface before etching. (b) x3000 magnification, ceramic surface before etching. (c) x1000 magnification, etching with HF 10% for 20 seconds. (d) x3000 magnification, etching with HF 10% for 20 seconds. (e) x1000 magnification, etching with Monobond Etch & Prime according to the manufacture. (f) x3000 magnification, etching with Monobond Etch & Prime according to the manufacture.

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