Comment on “The Use of Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields to Promote Bone Responses to Biomaterials In Vitro and In Vivo”

Table 1

Studies on the effects of PEMF stimulation on osteoblastic primary cells and cell lines on calcium phosphate biomaterials, titanium-based biomaterials and polymer-based biomaterials, field intensity, and wave intensity.

Experimental model	Field intensity (mT)	Wave Intensity (W/m^2)	Experimental model	Field intensity (mT)	Wave Intensity (W/m^2)
Defects in proximal tibia of rabbits	0.18	3.87·10^6	Primary rat calvaria cells	0.96	1.10·10^8
Defects in rabbit tibia	8	7.64·10^9	Placement in rabbit tibias	0.4	1.91·10^7
Defects in rabbit femur (condyles)	1.6	3.06·10^8		-0.2	4.77·10^6
Defects in rabbit femurs (cortical bone, mid-diaphysis)	1.6	3.06·10^8	Murine MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells	2	4.77·10^8
Commercially available human mesenchymal stem cells	1.6	3.06·10^8	Defects in rabbit femurs (condyles)	2	4.77·10^8
Commercially available mesenchymal stem cells, normal human osteoblasts, MG-63 or Saos-2	1.6	3.06·10^8	Placement in rabbit femurs (condyles)	2	4.77·10^8
Human osteosarcoma Saos-2 cells	2	4.77·10^8	Human BMMSCs	2	4.77·10^8
Diaphysis of rabbit humerus	0.2	4.77·10^6	Human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells	2.3	6.31·10^8
Placement in rabbit femurs	0.2	4.77·10^6	Primary rat calvaria osteoblasts	0.13	2.02·10^6
	0.3	1.07·10^7		0.24	6.88·10^6
	0.8	7.64·10^7		0.32	1.22·10^7
Placement in rabbit mandibles	0.2	4.77·10^6	7F2+ RAW 264.7	1.5	2.69·10^8
Placement in tibias of ovariectomized rats	0.2	4.77·10^6	Human osteosarcoma Saos-2 cells	2	4.77·10^8
Human osteosarcoma Saos-2 cells	2	4.77·10^8	Osteochondral defects in rabbit medial femoral condyles	1.5	2.69·10^8
Human osteosarcoma Saos-2 cells	2	4.77·10^8	Rat calvaria defects	1	1.19·10^8
Placement in rat tibias	72	6.19·10^11	Human adipose; tissue-derived stem cells	1	1.19·10^8
Dog mandibles, immediate postextraction placement	0.8	7.64·10^7
Primary rat calvaria cells	0.2	4.77·10^6