Influence of Titanium Alloy Scaffolds on Enzymatic Defense against Oxidative Stress and Bone Marrow Cell Differentiation

Figure 1

Scanning electron microscopy of mouse bone marrow stromal cells growing on TiAlV, TiNb, and TiNbZrTa scaffolds. 1.5 × 10⁶ cells were plated on each scaffold. After 24 hours, cells were prepared for SEM. It is possible to see the presence of interconnected pores and cell interaction at 500x magnification for the alloys TiAlV (A1), TiNb (A2), and TiNbZrTa (A3). Cells are spreading at 1000x (B1, B2, and B3) and 2000x magnification (C1, C2, and C3) for TiAlV, TiNb, and TiNbZrTa, respectively. There are clear cell adhesion and increased filopodia at a higher magnification of 4000x (D1, D2, and D3) for all alloys. Scale bar: (A1, A2, and A3) 50 µm, (B1, B2, and B3) 20 µm, (C1, C2, and C3) 10 µm, and (D1, D2, and D3) 5 µm.