Extract of Propolis on Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cement: Effect on Mechanical and Antimicrobial Properties and Dentin Bonding Strength

Figure 1

(a) Glass ionomer groups with (1) propolis 0%, (2) propolis 25%, and (3) propolis 50% showing no antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans. There was no significant difference between the groups ( < 0.05). (b) Antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin (A) and pure propolis (B) against Streptococcus mutans. The agar diffusion test showed an inhibition zone of 16 mm for ciprofloxacin and 11 mm for pure propolis.