The Dual Role of Calcium as Messenger and Stressor in Cell Damage, Death, and Survival
Figure 3
Temporary ER Ca2+ anergy avoid loss of repairable cells. Cell damage elicits repair and apoptosis as well as standby periods (red arrows). ER Ca2+ anergy is temporarily achieved via ADP-ribosylation of GAPDH, glycolysis block and starvation of Ca2+-ATPases, and hampers apoptotic signal transduction at the ER signaling stage. After resumption of glycolysis and ER Ca2+ activity, the apoptotic signal is allowed to proceed, unless successful repair has occurred in the meantime.
