Forms, Crosstalks, and the Role of Phospholipid Biosynthesis in Autophagy

Figure 5

Macroautophagy. Recruitment of the large ULK1 complex to the omegasome (1) induces the migration of the class-III PI3K kinase complex to the same site (2). PI(3)PIP recruitment (3) promotes the localization of ATG12-ATG5-ATG16L (4) and LC3-II (5). The fully formed autophagosome engulfs the MOI and fuses with a lysosome, forming an autolysosome, where lysosomal hydrolases contained within the lysosome degrade the MOI. MOI: material of interest; 12-5-6: ATG12-ATG5-ATG16L; PI3P1P: phosphatidylinositol triphosphate-interacting protein; PSE: phospholipid synthesizing enzyme; LC3: microtubule-associated light chain 3; PI3K: phophoinositide 3 kinase; ULK1: unc-51-like kinase 1; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; IM: isolation membrane.