Review Article

Utilization of Glycosaminoglycans/Proteoglycans as Carriers for Targeted Therapy Delivery

Table 3

Therapeutic applications of disrupting the HA/GAG biological systems.

ApplicationComponentsDrugReferences

Phase I trial for maximum tolerated dose and safety profile in intraperitoneal infusion in ovarian, breast, colon, stomach, and bladder cancerHyaluronic acid (HA) 10–12 KDaPaclitaxel [177]

In vivo cytotoxicity in peritoneal colorectal cancer Hyaluronic acid ~200 KDaIrrinotecan[182]

HA-encapsulated drug delivery for metastatic breast, prostate, and colon cancerHyaluronic acid ~750 KDa5-FU, Doxorubicin[185, 186]

Localized delivery in bone disease in cancerHyaluronic acidBisphosphonate[187]

Nanoparticle delivery in colon cancerChitosan-hyaluronic acid5-FU[190, 191]

Peritumoral delivery of nanovectors in head/neck squamas cell cancer (HNSCC)Lipid-hyaluronic acid (1.2–5 MDa)Mitomycin C[192]
Hyaluronic acidCisplatin[183]

Targeting with anti-CD44 antibodies in cancers including myeloid leukemia and HNSCCAnti-CD44 antibody (Ab), humanized anti-CD44v6 monoclonal antibody (HAMA) labelled with technetium-99mAnti-CD44Ab, Anti-CD44v6Ab[231, 242247]

Targeting in vitro breast cancer cells and xenograft lung tumor by interrupting HA-CD44 interactionSmall HA-oligosaccharides6–18 saccharide units (oHAs)[11, 13, 41, 248, 249]

Targeting enzymatic degradation of HA in EMT-6 breast cancer cells, bladder cancer cellsbovine testicular, bacterial hyaluronidases,
HYAL1-1
[250, 251]
[252]

Targeting leukemia cell by nonviral vectors in leukemia K562 cellsTransferrin-PEG-test luciferase plasmid-nanoparticletest luciferase plasmid[253, 254]

In vivo targeting CD44v6 by tissue specific deletion of CD44 variant in intestine/colon tumor in Apc Min/+ micepSico-CD44v6shRNA plus pFabpl-CreCD44v6shRNA[18, 43, 44, 255]