The Microbial Hypothesis: Contributions of Adenovirus Infection and Metabolic Endotoxaemia to the Pathogenesis of Obesity

Table 1

Meta-analyses on the relationship between human adv-36 infection and obesity development in humans.

Study	Number of cases	Population size	Study end points	Major findings
Xu et al. [17]	(i) 9 cross-sectional studies, 9 case-control studies, and 6 cohort studies	(i) 10191 study subjects including adults and children	(i) HAdV-36 infection rate in obese and lean groups; (ii) BMI level and BMI z-score in HAdV-36 positive and negative groups	(i) HAdV-36 infection increased the risk of obesity; (ii) HAdV-36; also increased the risk of weight gain in adults, which was not observed in; children
Shang et al. [18]	(i) 11 case control studies	(i) 5739 study subjects including adults and children	(i) HAdV-36 infection and obesity risk	(i) HAdV-36 infection is associated with an increased risk of obesity development; (ii) Risk is increased in children and those with a BMI of ≥30 kg/cm^2
Yamada et al. [19]	(i) 10 cross-sectional studies	(i) 2870 study subjects including adults and children	(i) Evaluating the association between HAdV-36 infection and obesity/metabolic markers	(i) HAdV-36 infection is associated with the risk of obesity and weight gain, but not with abnormal metabolic markers including waist circumference