Achievements of Diabetes Goals and Their Determinants in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Attending Outpatient Diabetic Clinic in Northern Ethiopia
Table 1
Proportion of type 2 diabetic patients with poor glycemic control according to the sociodemographic, lifestyle, and clinical characteristics, attending Ayder Referral Hospital.
Patient characteristics
Total number (), (%)
Mean glycemia ≥ 130 mg/dL (), (%)
value
Current glycemia ≥ 130 mg/dL , (%)
value
Age, mean + SD
49.9 + 16.9
0.36
49.9 + 16.9
0.68
≤30 years
5 (2.6)
3 (2.2)
0.7
1 (0.07)
0.04
31–45 years
43 (22.9)
33 (24.3)
29 (23.0)
46–60 years
88 (46.8)
61 (44.9)
65 (51.6)
>60 years
52 (27.7)
39 (28.7)
31 (24.6)
Sex: male, (%)
104 (58.9)
71 (52.2)
0.17
64 (50.8)
0.08
Education, (%)
Illiterate
64 (34.0)
49 (36.0)
0.28
47 (37.3)
0.09
Primary education
38 (20.2)
28 (20.5)
22 (17.5)
Secondary and above
86 (45.7)
59 (43.3)
57 (45.2)
Marital status, (%),
Single
36 (19.1)
27 (19.6)
0.51
24 (19.1)
0.85
Married
152 (80.8)
109 (80.4)
102 (80.9)
Residency, (%)
Rural
32 (17.0)
26 (19.1)
0.25
23 (18.3)
0.6
Urban
156 (82.9)
110 (80.9)
103 (81.7)
Income (ETB), (%)
None
34 (18.1%)
21 (15.4)
0.9
20 (14.7)
0.26
<1000
50 (26.6)
37 (27.2)
36 (28.6)
1000–2500
56 (29.8)
44 (32.4)
42 (33.3)
>2500
48 (25.5)
34 (25.0)
28 (22.2)
Lifestyles, yes, (%)
Smoking
2 (15)
2 (1.5)
NA
2 (1.5)
Alcohol intake
11 (5.9)
7 (5.1)
0.5
6 (4.8)
Physical activity
31 (16.5)
21 (15.4)
0.47
17 (13.5)
0.11
Dietary restriction
124 (66.0)
86 (63.2)
0.31
79 (62.7)
0.28
Self-monitoring practices, yes, (%)
21 (11.1)
15 (11.0)
0.64
12 (9.5)
0.84
Number of visits in 6 months
3-4 times
106 (56.4)
75 (55.1)
0.58
76 (60.3)
0.12
5-6 times
82 (43.6)
61 (44.9)
50 (39.7)
Duration of diabetes in years, mean + SD
6.5 + 6.8
-
0.014
6.5 + 6.8
0.21
<5 years
94 (50.0)
62 (45.6)
0.007
60 (47.6)
0.14
5–10 years
50 (26.6)
39 (28.7)
36 (28.6)
>10 years
44 (23.4)
35 (25.7)
30 (23.8)
Glycemic variability ≥ 25
93 (49.5)
77 (56.6)
0.002
62 (49.2)
0.91
Large SD (SD 3 > mean)
61 (32.44)
51 (37.5)
0.02
39 (31.0)
0.53
Diabetes drugs, (%)
OHA
104 (55.3)
73 (53.7)
0.67
68 (54.0)
0.14
Insulin only
71 (37.8)
54 (39.7)
46 (36.5)
Combination therapy
13 (6.9)
9 (6.6)
12 (9.5)
Use of other drugs, yes, (%)
76 (40.4)
55 (40.4)
0.99
53 (42.1)
0.51
Presence of comorbidities, yes, (%)
128 (68.1)
93 (68.4)
0.88
85 (67.5)
0.79
BMI ≥ 25
63 (33.5)
41 (30.1)
0.06
39 (31.0)
0.23
Dyslipidemia
110 (58.5)
85 (62.5)
0.10
80 (63.5)
0.04
Hypertension
98 (52.1)
70 (51.5)
0.59
65 (51.6)
0.7
SD: standard deviation; ETB: Ethiopian Birr; OHA; oral hypoglycemic agent, BMI: body mass index. values were calculated using chi-square test.
