Energy and Environmental Performance of Bioethanol from Different Lignocelluloses

Table 2

Data sources for the life cycle inventories of the five studies.

Subsystem	Data source
Corn agriculture	U.S. Life-Cycle Inventory Database [35]
Sugarcane agriculture	Macedo et al. [36]
Switchgrass agriculture	Bullard and Metcalfe [37]; Nemecek and Kägi [38]
Flax agriculture	Nemecek et al. [39], Hauschild [40], Audsley et al. [41], Arrouays et al. [42], EMEP/CORINAIR [43]
Hemp agriculture	Nemecek et al. [39], Hauschild [40], Audsley et al. [41], Arrouays et al. [42], EMEP/CORINAIR [43]
Biomass transport	Spielmann et al. [44]
Stover-ethanol production	Aden et al. [45]
Sugarcane-ethanol production	Efe et al. [46]
Switchgrass-ethanol production	Guerra Miguez et al. [47]
Flax shives-ethanol production	Aden et al. [45]
Hemp hurds-ethanol production	Aden et al. [45]
Ethanol transport	Spielmann et al. [44]
Gasoline production & transport	Swiss Centre of Life Cycle Inventories [33]
Emissions from capital goods production	EIPRO Database [48]
Emissions from vehicle driving	Kelly et al. [49], Reading et al. [50]
Background processes	Swiss Centre of Life Cycle Inventories [33]