Energy and Environmental Performance of Bioethanol from Different Lignocelluloses

Table 5

Net energy summary excluding coproducts, no allocation.

Feedctock		Energy use (MJ/L^a)
		Agriculture	Biorefinery	Total input	Ethanol^b	Total output	Net energy value (NEV)
Stover	Luo et al. [5]	10.0	0.5	10.5	21.2	21.2	10.7
Corn	Patzek [56]	9.9	17.0	26.9	21.2	21.2	− 5.7
	Pimentel and Patzek [7]	10.0	17.0	27.0	21.2	21.2	− 5.8
	Shapouri and McAloon [30]	5.3	15.2	20.5	21.2	21.2	0.7
	Graboski [29]	5.6	16.6	22.2	21.2	21.2	− 1.0
	Dias de Oliveira et al. [28]	6.3	14.1	20.4	21.2	21.2	0.8
	Wu et al. [9]	6.6	12.5	19.1	21.2	21.2	2.1
Switchgrass	Wu et al. [9]	2.4	1.0	3.4	21.2	21.2	17.8
Sugarcane	Hadzhiyska et al. (base case) [32]	6.5	0.1	6.6	21.2	21.2	14.6
	Hadzhiyska et al. (future case) [32]	2.7	0.5	3.2	21.2	21.2	18.0
	Pimentel and Patzek [57]	2.6	3.4	6.0	21.2	21.2	15.2
	Diaz de Oliveira et al. [28]	5.6	0.6	6.2	21.2	21.2	15.0
	Macedo et al. [36]	2.0	0.3	2.3	21.2	21.2	18.9

^aThe unit of energy use is MJ per litre of ethanol produced from biorefinery. ^bNormalized energy value for ethanol based on lower heating value (LHV).