Research Article
A Numerical Study of Spray Characteristics in Medium Speed Engine Fueled by Different HFO/n-Butanol Blends
Table 1
Comparison of physicochemical characteristics of butanol, methanol, and ethanol [
1,
2].
| Physicochemical properties | Butanol versus ethanol and methanol | Comparative advantage |
| Hydroscopicity | ↓ | Less affected by climate change | Flash point | ↑ | More safety compared to the other two types of alcohol | Energy density | ↑ | Producing about 25% more energy than methanol and ethanol | Cetane number | ↑ | Formation of a more uniformly combustion | Hydrocarbon chain | ↑ | Fairly nonpolar and more similarity to diesel fuels | Kinematic viscosity | ↑ | Viscosity of butanol is twice that of ethanol and five to seven times that of gasoline |
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↓ represents lower comparative value; ↑ represents higher comparative value.
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