Exhaust Emissions and Physicochemical Properties of Hydrotreated Used Cooking Oils in Blends with Diesel Fuel

Table 1

Measured properties of the baseline ULSD and HUCO fuels.

Property	ULSD	HUCO	H10	H20	H30	H40	Unit	EN 590 limits		EN 15940 limits (class A)		Measurement method
								Minimum	Maximum	Minimum	Maximum
Density (15°C)	830.8	790.8	825.9	821.8	817.6	813.2	kg/m^3	820.0	845.0	765.0	800.0	EN ISO 12185
Viscosity (40°C)	4.255	3.780	4.166	4.111	4.081	4.033	mm^2/s	2.00	4.50	2.00	4.50	ASTM D7042
IBP^a	182	255	182	183	184	185	°C					EN ISO 3405
T10^b	255	292	260	263	267	271	°C					EN ISO 3405
T50^b	297	298	298	299	299	300	°C					EN ISO 3405
T90^b	351	311	351	349	346	343	°C					EN ISO 3405
T95^b	361	322	361	360	358	358	°C		360		360	EN ISO 3405
FBP^c	373	349	373	371	370	368	°C					EN ISO 3405
DCN^d	60.3	102.7	63.1	65.5	68.1	72.1		51.0		70.0		ASTM D7170
CCI^e	65.2	95.6	67.9	70.7	73.6	77.1		46.0				EN ISO 4264
CFPP^f	−8	21	−8	−7	−1	4	°C		−5		−5	EN 116
Sulfur content	1.0	2.6	1.2	1.3	1.5	1.6	mg/kg		10.0			EN ISO 20846
Monoaromatic content	7.42	0.60	6.74	6.06	5.37	4.69	% w/w					EN 12916
Diaromatic content	0.47	0.00	0.42	0.38	0.33	0.28	% w/w					EN 12916
Tri+ aromatic content	0.03	0.00	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.02	% w/w					EN 12916
Polyaromatic content	0.50	0.00	0.45	0.40	0.35	0.30	% w/w		8.0			EN 12916
Total aromatic content	7.92	0.60	7.19	6.46	5.72	4.99	% w/w				1.0	EN 12916
Flash point	68.0	>100	68.0	68.0	68.0	69.0	°C	55.0		55.0		EN ISO 2719
Gross calorific value	46.11	46.65	46.21	46.27	46.33	46.41	MJ/kg					ASTM D240
Net calorific value	43.26	43.70	43.35	43.40	43.45	43.52	MJ/kg					ASTM D240

^aInitial boiling point; ^brecovery temperatures of specified volumetric percentage ratio; ^cfinal boiling point; ^dderived cetane number; ^ecalculated cetane index; ^fcold filter plugging point.