Energy and Productivity Yield Assessment of a Traditional Furnace for Noncentrifugal Brown Sugar (Panela) Production

Table 2

Elemental analysis of bagasse and determination of its lower calorific value (PCN).

Property	Lot 01	Lot 02	Lot 03	Lot 04	Lot 05	Mean
Total moisture (%)	16.96	12.72	16.58	14.24	14.39	14.98 ± 1.77
Ash (%)	4.51	7.20	3.60	3.08	3.36	4.35 ± 1.68
Carbon (%)	40.09	42.17	40.62	41.73	42.03	41.33 ± 0.92
Hydrogen (%)	5.61	5.80	5.52	5.57	5.53	5.61 ± 0.11
Nitrogen (%)	0.12	0.18	0.17	0.12	0.22	0.16 ± 0.04
Sulfur (%)	0.08	0.06	0.06	0.04	0.11	0.07 ± 0.03
Oxygen (%)	32.63	31.87	33.45	35.22	34.36	33.51 ± 1.33
PCN (MJ/kg)	13.85	14.75	13.90	14.47	14.59	14.31 ± 0.41

Mean values for the five production lots ± standard deviation.