Research Article
Combined Application of Coagulation/Flocculation/Sedimentation and Membrane Separation for the Treatment of Laundry Wastewater
Table 9
Physicochemical parameters analyzed for the raw wastewater (batch 3), treated by C/F/S and microfiltration (MF), and removal efficiencies (%).
| | Parameter | Raw wastewater | C/F/S step (supernatant) | MF step (permeate) | Total removal C/F/S-MF (%) | | Value | Value | Removal (%) | Value | Removal (%) |
| | TOC (mg C L−1) | 86.0 ± 0.1 | 43.3 ± 0.3 | 49.7 | 37.6 ± 3.1 | 13.2 | 56.3 | | Color (mgPt-Co L−1) | 425 ± 0 | 71 ± 1 | 83.3 | 7 ± 1.4 | 90.1 | 98.4 | | COD (mg O2 L−1) | 245 ± 8 | 83 ± 3 | 66.1 | 77 ± 0 | 7.2 | 68.6 | | Total nitrogen (mg TN L−1) | 4.8 ± 0 | 3.9 ± 0 | 18.8 | 3.5 ± 0.1 | 10.3 | 27.1 | | pH | 10.9 ± 0.1 | 6.8 ± 0.1 | ND | 6.3 ± 0.2 | ND | ND | | TDS (mg L−1) | 473 ± 4 | 435 ± 3 | 8.0 | 210 ± 4 | 51.7 | 55.6 | | TS (mg L−1) | 532 ± 7 | 500 ± 9 | 6.0 | ND | ND | ND | | Surfactants (mg L−1 MBAS) | 15.9 ± 0 | 5.1 ± 0 | 67.9 | 4.5 ± 0 | 11.8 | 71.7 | | Turbidity (NTU) | 64 ± 1 | 5.6 ± 0.1 | 91.3 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 89.3 | 99.1 | | Toxicity factor (TF) | 2 | | | 2 | | |
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ND = parameter that was not determined.
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