Game Factors and Game-Based Learning Design Model

Table 1

Game factors.

Factors	Description	Sources
Game goals	Game designer provides what type of experience for players; Players pursue game goals	[8, 14–17, 60–63]
Game mechanism	Refers to the methods prompting players to achieve the designer goals and enables smooth functioning of the virtual world	[16, 17, 60, 61]
Interaction	Player operations that trigger the computer to generate related responses, including the interactions and conflicts between players and computers	[8, 16, 18–21, 60, 62, 64]
Freedom	An open game system that allows for player autonomy, including individual services such as the avatar	[8, 61, 62]
Game Fantasy	Refers to environmental contexts that provide virtual world imagery	[28, 30, 61, 65]
Narrative	Describes what occurs in the virtual world	[16, 17, 30, 60]
Sensation	Multimedia presentation of the virtual world	[17, 19, 28, 30, 61]
Game value	Promotes players to increase their game motivation	[8, 16]
Challenges	Refers to player efforts toward the game or personal goals	[8, 16, 17, 19, 61, 62]
Sociality	The interaction between people through the game system including communication, cooperation, competition, and conflict	[15, 16, 19, 47, 62, 63]
Mystery	Refers to providing a novel experience for players, including curiosity and exploration	[15, 47, 61]