The Effects of Probiotics and Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Liver Steatosis Induced in Rats by High-Fructose Corn Syrup

Table 7

Scoring the level of steatosis in liver tissue of rats.

Microscopic scoring	Control group (n = 8)	HFCS group (n = 8)	HFCS + omega-3 fatty acids group (n = 8)	HFCS + probiotic group (n = 8)	HFCS + omega-3 fatty acids + probiotic group (n = 8)
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD
Steatosis (0–3)	0.18 ± 0.11	2.05 ± 0.17^a3	0.95 ± 0.12^a3,b3	0.81 ± 0.10^a3,b3,c2	0.72 ± 0.11^a3,b3,c2,d1	0.001
	(0.10–0.42)	(1.80–2.33)	(0.84–1.24)	(0.65–1.02)	(0.62–0.98)
Lobular inflammation (0–3)	0.00 ± 0.00	1.08 ± 0.12^a3	0.21 ± 0.10^a3,b3	0.13 ± 0.05^a3,b3	0.11 ± 0.02^a3,b3,c1	0.001
	(0.00–0.00)	(0.92–1.31)	(0.11–0.43)	(0.10–0.27)	(0.10–0.17)
Hepatocellular ballooning (0–2)	0.00 ± 0.00	0.27 ± 0.06^a3	0.00 ± 0.00^b3	0.00 ± 0.00^b3	0.00 ± 0.00^b3	0.001
	(0.00–0.00)	(0.21–0.43)	(0.00–0.10)	(0.00–0.00)	(0.00–0.00)
NAS(0–8)	0.18 ± 0.11	3.41 ± 0.24^a3	1.23 ± 0.13^a3,b3	0.94 ± 0.12^a3,b3,c3	0.84 ± 0.13^a3,b3,c3	0.001
	(0.10–0.42)	(3.10–3.73)	(1.11–1.45)	(0.76–1.15)	(0.73–1.11)

Kruskal–Wallis H-test. Mann–Whitney U test. ^aFor the control group,  ≤ 0.05^a1,  ≤ 0.01^a2,  ≤ 0.001^a3. ^bFor the HFCS group,  ≤ 0.05^b1,  ≤ 0.01^b2,  ≤ 0.001^b3. ^cFor the HFCS + omega-3 fatty acids group,  ≤ 0.05^c1,  ≤ 0.01^c2,  ≤ 0.001^c3. ^dFor the HFCS + probiotic,  ≤ 0.05^d1,  ≤ 0.01^d2,  ≤ 0.001^d3. Bold shows statistically significant values.