Revisiting Provider Communication to Support Team Cohesiveness: Implications for Practice, Provider Burnout, and Technology Application in Primary Care Settings

Table 3

Correlation between team or provider outcomes and mode of communication.

	In-person		Electronic health record		Telephone call		Text message		E-mail		Smartphone application
	Statistic		Statistic		Statistic		Statistic		Statistic		Statistic
PCMI^†	0.29	<0.001	0.09	0.13	0.15	0.008	0.15	0.009	0.01	0.84	−0.06	0.29
Self-reported burnout^‡	—	0.16	0.91	0.82	—	0.75	0.14	0.99	2.04	0.56	—	0.83
Satisfied with job^‡	—	0.02	5.30	0.15	—	0.63	5.51	0.14	0.57	0.90	—	0.84
Intention to leave^‡	—	0.02	—	0.46	—	0.86	0.76	0.86	1.29	0.73	—	0.87

Notes: frequency of different modes of communication was measured as frequently, often, rarely, and never. ^† Spearman’s correlation coefficients were shown. ^‡ Chi-squared tests or fisher’s exact tests were used. Chi-squared values were shown. No statistics for fisher’s exact tests. , , and .