The Influence of Salt Sensitivity Phenotype on Sodium Excretion and Diuresis: A Chrononutrition Pilot Study
Table 2
Baseline demographics of the population.
Parameter
Results (n = 21)
Age (years)
26 (21–27)
BMI (kg/m2)
23.6 (20.5–24.7)
Dietary sodium intake (g/day)
3.89 (2.51–4.79)
Moderate intake ≤ 3.2 g/day (%)
9 (42.9)
High intake > 3.2 g/day (%)
12 (57.1)
Haptoglobin phenotype (%)
1 Hp 1–1
8 (38)
2 Hp 2–1
8 (38)
3 Hp 2–2
5 (24)
Salt sensitivity phenotype (%)
1 SS
6 (31.6)
2 SM
12 (63.1)
3 SR
1 (5.3)
Day 1 (n–21)
Day 2 (n=21)
Day 3 (n=19)
P value
Body weight (kg)
75 (68.3–80.5)
74 (68.7–80.5)
73.3 (68–79)
NS
Plasma
Osmolality (mOsm/Kg)
287 (285–290)
288 (288–291)
288 (286–291)
NS
Sodium/Creatinine (mmol/mmol)
153 (138–170)
152 (146–160)
150 (141–159)
NS
Potassium/Creatinine (mmol/mmol)
4.5 (4–5)
4.3 (4.1–4.6)
4.4 (4–4.5)
NS
Urea/Creatinine (mmol/mmol)
35 (29–44)
35 (33–43)
35 (29–42)
NS
Urine
Diuresis rate (mL/min)
0.8 (0.4–0.9)
0.5 (0.3–0.8)
0.4 (0.3–0.6)
NS
Osmolality mOsm/kg
842 (713–1001)
951 (840–1039)
988 (596–1049)
NS
Sodium/Creatinine(mmol/mmol)
6.8 (5.4–13.4)
5.2 (3.6–7.8)
6.2 (5.7–7.3)
NS
Potassium/Creatinine(mmol/mmol)
4 (2–5.6)
3.9 (2.5–4.8)
3 (1.9–7)
NS
Urea/Creatinine (mmol/mmol)
27 (22–31)
26 (20–29)
24 (20–32)
NS
for control vs. 8 g salt, † for control vs. 12 g salt and for 8 g vs. 12 g salt; Wilcoxon signed rank test. BMI = body mass index; Hp = haptoglobin phenotype; SS = salt sensitive; SM = moderate sensitive; SR = salt resistant; NS = not significant. This study was conducted in 3 different test days as day 1, 2, and 3. Therefore, clinical parameters of plasma and urine samples taken at the baseline/before the test started on different test days (as day 1, 2, and 3) are shown in the bold values.
